Instructional curriculum in South Korea

This research is the first in Iraq as it has never been researched by specialists in curriculum science, and it represents an addition to the specialized educational library. The current research aims to shed light on the education system in South Korea and the choice of the target was motivated by the researcher as a complement within a series of comparative studies planned to be carried out in the future

and ways to benefit from the experiences of countries, as well as enriching the educational literature on comparative studies on curricula Which has become very scarce in the contemporary history of scientific research in the field of curriculum.Research Methodology.

Limitations of the study:
Contextual limits: the objectives of education in South Korea, the factors affecting the education system in South Korea, and determine the methods of financing education in South Korea, and know the advantages of education in South Korea, and present ways to benefit from the Korean experience of education in Iraq.Methodological limits: Available documents and literature on education in South Korea.Spatial boundaries: South Korea -Iraq.
Search terms: -Educational system: The educational system is defined as: the reality of organized education that exists in each of the societies to form the emerging generations, and the educational system in this sense, includes many elements linked to each other by a network of complex relationships: inputs, general educational objectives, educational objectives specific to each educational level, the types of learners and teachers, and the available financial possibilities of educational institutions, tools and equipment, educational curricula, courses, evaluation tools, and outputs.( Flya and Zaki, 2004, p. 245) General sight about south Korea The Republic of South Korea is located in East Asia , And the land of Korea for those who do not know the rugged terrain, most of its land is rugged mountains and rocky coasts steep and continental climate, and with the difficulty of climate and terrain Korea faced enormous challenges in the twentieth century has been subject to the control of Japan for more than thirty-five years and there has been an educational link between the two countries imposed by the nature of this control and neighborly links.Korea is one of the leading countries in the field of education, and the educational system in South Korea dates back to an ancient historical period, where the first regular school was established, and this system went through developmental stages through which the educational system was rebuilt with an emphasis on the democracy of the new education system and this was in 1950, and this led to an increase in the number of students enrolled in education and an increase in the number of teachers.Education in South Korea has an important and distinct position, and education for Koreans has a great and strong position, although the secondary stage is not compulsory and South Korea hosts some of the best universities in Asia and the world and Seoul has been chosen at the same time as one of the best cities with higher education universities.Generous government scholarships for international students have been sponsored for tuition costs, cost of living, flights and more during the reputable Korean scholarships recognized worldwide.South Korea's instructional System / The general objectives of the education system in South Korea are as follows:

‫جملة‬
1-Developing the knowledge and habits required to maintain good health, and developing the spirit of indomitable valor.Public schools in South Korea follow a 6-3-3 system.Teachers are allowed to teach in these schools after going through special courses and tests to measure their abilities.According to reports, one teacher for every 22 students works in Korean schools.In the Korean education system, teaching English is very important South Korea's reputation and reputation for technological development and innovation have made this country a great place to start research at the doctoral level.Education in South Korea is very valuable and every year thousands of international students from all over the world go to famous universities in this country.South Korea has seen the same period of global success as Samsung, LG, Hyundai and Kia, also an increase in higher education in South Korea by global rankings.South Korea hosts some of the best universities in Asia and the world, and Seoul has been chosen at the same time as one of the best cities with higher education universities.
Education in South Korea is a decentralized system with three levels.The Korean school system is similar with Japanese system , It is divided into 5 levels: kindergarten, primary, preparatory, secondary and university: Kindergarten Teachers who moved to teach in South Korea from other countries were surprised that there were rules for uniforms for teachers in South Korea, which should be free of accessories, jewelry and makeup.Therefore, in addition to the existence of strict rules that measure the extent of your commitment to school uniforms, there are other rules that oblige teachers themselves to adhere to the uniform, where they are prohibited from wearing necklaces, rings, bracelets or anything like that, and teachers in particular should avoid wearing makeup at all, and some of them are even criticized because of their lips that shine with a natural shine in which they are helpless.
The school week lasts from Monday to Saturday, and despite the complaints of some about the length of this school week, the government decided to intervene and change some of the rules of this school system.The change came with new rules that oblige students as well as teachers to attend classes on only two Saturdays of each month.
In South Korea, shoes are also not allowed indoors.Surprisingly, schools there follow this same rule.In South Korea, it goes so far as to take off each student's shoes as soon as they arrive at school and replace them with a light type of slipper.But we can assure you that walking between classes wearing this type of slipper may give you a kind of unique physical comfort.
It is customary in America that students are solely responsible for cleaning their classrooms after classes and taking care of throwing their own garbage inside their classrooms.You may be surprised that students in South Korea also wipe the floors of the corridors outside the classrooms, and perhaps even further there, where students are tasked with emptying garbage and classifying it outside the school walls.
The daily study period in South Korean schools runs from 8:30 a.m. until the early afternoon hours.While some of us enjoy going home and going out with some friends, school students in South Korea begin to head to additional classes and classes for remedial classes that may last until nine o'clock in the evening!Well, it's common knowledge that students there pay a lot of money to educate and understand the curriculum there.One of the things that students can't do without is participating in graduation ceremonies or doing all the activities related to house parties, but when we take a closer look at schools in South Korea, we notice that things there happen differently.Where we note the absence of social university families that work to organize huge graduation ceremonies that reunite old students.This may be because students usually go on trips to other countries, such as Japan.When the name of the college is mentioned, long lectures as well as noisy evening parties immediately come to mind.Some may also imagine the eagerness of students to raise their hands to ask some questions, but when we look at South Korea, we find that students are forbidden to do all these things that are allowed to others.If you notice someone yawning or trying to sleep in the middle of a lecture, this may mean that he feels bored or not integrated or interested in the content provided to him, and for asking questions, he warns them to speak in the middle of the lecture, students there must wait until the lecture ends.Because just asking a question in the middle of the lecture delivered by the lecturer is an explicit challenge to him and an unwanted interference in the scientific material that he presents to you, which makes you lose this battle in front of the lecturer standing in front of you.
In South Korea, collective punishment is the typical punishment used to deal with such troublemakers.There are also some rumors that some types of punishment are done in schools by students against each other.Teachers are forbidden to intervene effectively in the implementation of collective punishment of the whole class when it comes to the discipline of some of their unruly students.education.In Asian countries.It also resulted in the relative backwardness of this type of education that this philosophy looked at women in the culture of East Asian societies and saw that it was difficult to raise them and look at them in a deficient way, which in turn explains the backwardness of women's education in these societies.In East Asian countries, women considered raising children their primary duty and task.( Morsi, 2013, p13 ) The interest in education in Korea stems from Confucian philosophy and from Buddhist advice, where Confucian philosophy views education as the only and first key to future and present success.There is an idealistic doctrine that "the goal of education is to benefit the whole human race" and these traditions persist in the social life of the Korean people to the present day.
(Sheikh, 2013, p44) It is clear from the above that there is a clear vision and philosophy directed to education in South Korea from which all work practices in the educational system at all stages are launched, and that philosophy depends on building an open society through development and establishing the principle of equal opportunities to access information and consolidating culture, diversity, awareness and the ability to use advanced technological means in the educational process, and adopting each stage a set of goals that the subsequent stage works to complete, and achieving equality in educational opportunities and continuity, and thus succeeded Korea in opening the doors of education to all Korean people.(Rashad, 2014 , p 65) Educational stages: The Korean education system is of particular importance to the upbringing and upbringing of children and young people as they are the human wealth capable of bringing about community development in various fields, which is reflected in its effects on all members of society, and the public educational system extends over three educational stages (twelve years 6 + 3 + 3) of which nine years are compulsory (primary and intermediate) and parallels the general education system for the disabled consists of the primary, middle and secondary stages, and general education is preceded by the kindergarten stage, or education Before school.The study plan in the public secondary school includes two tracks: the humanities track, and the natural sciences track, and the study plan is based on the semesters and the credit hour system, and the division of courses into compulsory general requirements, elective courses, moral education, Korean language, Korean history, social studies, mathematics, physical education sciences, military training, music, fine arts, ancient Chinese language, foreign languages, vocational skills, home economics for girls, and enrolls in them About 59% of students.Technical and vocational schools offer programs that combine theoretical and vocational courses, and about 35% of students and graduates of higher secondary school can join the labor market or enroll in technical colleges or universities for two and four years.( Mustafa, 2014 , p60 ) Education at the secondary level is still traditional.University entrance exams, which take the greatest interest in students, also group students by age rather than ability.The Ministry of Education encourages teachers to use participatory methods in teaching, including involving students in scientific experiments, group discussions, and surveys.There is a strong focus on technology in the classroom.There is still a high degree of preparation for the final secondary examination.(Al-Dakheel, 2015 , p43) In general, higher secondary schools focus on providing students with the characteristics of correct citizenship, developing awareness and responsibility among students towards society and the state, helping students to make but the percentage of those enrolled in the secondary stage who have completed the intermediate stage exceeds 90%, and what distinguishes the secondary stage is the diversity of disciplines that suit the needs and aspirations of students, and this stage is a preparatory stage for study and work.The great attention paid by the Korean government to the teacher by renaming the Ministry of Education to the Ministry of Education and Human Resources and granting the Minister of Education the position of DeputyPrime Minister, reflects the great interest in this vital sector, and the privileges given to the teacher are the best evidence that the Korean government has been able to familiarize themselves with all aspects of the educational process and develop it in line with the requirements of society in general.South Korea's reputation and reputation for technological development and innovation have made this country a great place to start research at the doctoral level.Education in South Korea is very valuable and every year thousands of international students from all over the world go to famous universities in this country.South Korea experienced the same period of global success of the Samsung, LG , Hyundai and Kia .
2-Developing national interest in preserving national independence and science on the progress of world peace.3-The development of Korean culture as an aspect of the development of world culture.4 -Development of learning and scientific methods of thinking and the advancement of creative activities and the way of national life.5 -Developing a harmonious social life with virtues, including love of freedom, sense of responsibility, sincerity and cooperative spirit.6 -Development of feelings, sensations and aesthetic skills in order to aesthetic creativity and taste of fine arts.
: (from two to three years) from the age of 3 to 6 years.Primary school: from 6-7 years to 11-12 years.College (3 years) from 12-13 years to 14-15 years.High school: (3 years) from 15-16 years to 17-18 years.University: represents the last four years of the educational plan.The people of South Korea are known as the most educated people in the world, the literacy rate in this country is very high and education is of particular importance to help the country's economy.Certainly, basic education (primary, intermediate and secondary) is one of the most important stages of education.In South Korea, students spend most of their time, usually between 12 and 16 hours a day, at school or an after-school academy called Hagon, and this long time is one of the strangest rules in South Korean schools.Schools in South Korea are divided into primary, middle and high school, and secondary schools are divided into academic and vocational schools.Primary and secondary education is compulsory in South Korea.Students in South Korea study from ages 8 to 13 in elementary school, from ages 14 to 16 in middle school, and from ages 17 to 19 in high school.The most important subjects in South Korea are mathematics, English, Korean history and Korean language.Tests play an important role in the Korean educational system, where competition between students begins from middle school.After completing high school, those wishing to continue studying During the elementary school years, students are introduced to the concepts of value and purpose when entering the school, and each school and each class, has a motto that all its members strive to achieve.It is noteworthy that South Korean schools are open even on holidays, and students can attend extracurricular activities such as sports and music.South Korean schools are never closed.
An overview of the peoples of East Asia notices that there are deep roots in appreciating education and its importance.This is evident in what influenced Confucius, the poet Tagore, Ilhamat Gandhi and others in emphasizing the importance of education in the lives of individuals and peoples.Confucius saw that man derives his value from what he acquires from merit and superiority from what he inherits from according to his lineage, and that he can attain perfection by educating him in the creative virtues and developing himself for himself.He believed that these creative virtues were the basis for the advancement of society and the basis for the state to conduct and manage the affairs of the country.One of the negative thoughts that can shame philosophy is its contempt for manual labor and technical and vocational

‫االساسية‬
(Mustafa, 2014)  The following are the stages of public education in South Korea: A-Pre-school or kindergarten education: This stage is not compulsory and children join it from the age of 4-6 years, and attention is focused on the development of the following aspects: Emotional language development, physical development, general intelligence development, social adaptation, education for honesty, education for a education for the enjoyment of life, and Korea takes care of this stage as it adopts a comprehensive project to help low-income people enroll their children in kindergartens.Modernity is a dominant feature of kindergarten schools with concern for national identity, and this is reflected in the enrichment materials and extracurricular activities it provides, and no kindergarten is devoid of the presence of modern devices that are used as effective means to serve education, and kindergartens in Korea offer their education in English, and the reason for the success of Korea's experience in kindergarten is due to the good qualification of human cadres and training courses that are provided periodically to all workers at this stage.(Al-Hamdiet al., 2019 , p 20)   Primary school education: The duration of study at this stage is six years, and children join it starting from the age of six to twelve, and education is general, compulsory and free, and the state spends on it, and the enrollment rate of this education for the age group from 6 to 12 years is 8.99%, it aims to develop reading, writing and speaking skills, and develop the use of the national language used to create a sense of responsibility, national spirit and team work spirit, and provide the individual with the ability to observe and analyze Natural phenomena, and encouraging him to be creative and acquire the correct habits with the intention of developing the learner physically, spiritually, socially and mentally.(Mustafa, 2014 , p 77) Students are usually grouped according to the age that starts from the age of six, but in recent years there has been a rise in the experience of classifying students into groups according to the student's ability, and teachers at this stage are encouraged to put the student in small groups and then give them some problems that they can rely on teaching the whole class instead of solving them together.(Al-Dakheel ,2015 , p 13) Intermediate education works to complete the goals of primary education, as it works to teach students basic knowledge and skills for all professions and instill respect for work and disciplined behavior in them, and develop the ability for each of them to choose the profession or individual preparations, and develop the ability of students to think critically and make the appropriate job according to the decision and take responsibility.(Rashad,2014, p80) The middle school aims to provide secondary education on the basis of what was studied in the primary stage and until 1985 students were bearing the payment of tuition fees and this was abolished, and the middle school became in rural areas, and it was set in 1991 as a goal to generalize this to schools in cities, and thus the duration of the obligation in Korean education is nine years.The curriculum includes the same subjects as the previous subjects in primary education, in addition to the study of a foreign language, namely English, Chinese Art, Vocational Skills and Home Economics.(Morsi,2005 , 74)   Secondary stage education: The secondary stage extends for three years and students join it from the age of fifteen to the age of eighteen, and this stage is characterized by being non-compulsory and not free as well, and although the secondary stage is not compulsory and not free, the enrollment rate of those who finished the intermediate stage and enrolled in secondary school reaches 94%, and if this indicates the status of education among the South Korean people, and the secondary education stage is a specialized stage, and it is divided into two types: Academic high schools, vocational high schools, plus there are comprehensive, marine, and craft schools.(Rashad,2014 , p 21)