The Arab tendency in the actions of the caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab and its impact on the loyalists (13-23 AH / 634-644 AD). Journal of the College of Basic Education, [S. l.], v. 29, n. 118, p. 145–124, 2023. DOI: 10.35950/cbej.v29i118.10086. Disponível em: https://cbej.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/cbej/article/view/10086.. Acesso em: 5 jun. 2026.