Hepatitis B Virus(HBV): Structure, Mode of Transmission, Pathogenesis and Clinical features, and the Role of Health Education in Prevention Strategies of HBV in Iraq

Abstract

    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is  one of the viruses that infect and cause a very dangerous disease, that  may affecting many people around our world. It sometimes poses a serious health problem if left without treatment.  As  research shows that virus has its own way to infecting person mainly by blood of infected person and specific bodily fluids. It primarily infects the liver.  The progression of the disease different from person to person as ranging from mild  infections and then develops into severe and serious infections. On the other hand when the disease develops that can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. This virus known as its very complex structure and its replication mechanism that occur in host cells. Through this special mechanism of replication that help the virus to continues to stay and make great damage to the host cells. Although  the present of effective vaccines and antiviral therapies, HBV continues to be major public health issue. This research presents aspects that contribute to increase our knowledge about the virus's structure also how it transmitted, that are essential for reduce its spread. It also explores the latest available preventive and treatment strategies, as well as the crucial role of health education. Cases of infection persist due to a low of health awareness, the prevalence of misconceptions, and inadequate preventive education about the virus. For this reason, this study highlights  the importance of integrate  health education and awareness programs into education through making seminars for students to increase their knowledge and reduce infection rates.