The Relationship of The Rulers of Andalusia With The Common People During The Almoravid And Almohad Eras (484-620 AH / 1091-1223 CE)

Abstract

 This study examines the nature of the relationship that developed between the rulers of Andalusia and the general public during the Almoravid period (484–541 AH / 1091–1147 CE) and the subsequent Almohad period (541–620 AH / 1147–1223 CE) which marks the historical decline following the Battle of Al-Uqab (609 AH / 1212 CE), leading to the final fall in 646 AH / 1248 CE by Castile The research adopts a comparative descriptive analytical method based on primary Arabic sources to reveal that this relationship fluctuated between acceptance and protest based on economic conditions and religious shifts The study deconstructs the structure of Andalusian society emphasizing its ethnic diversity which included Berbers Arabs Andalusians Muwallads and Christians It highlights the shared Amazigh tribal background of both ruling dynasties and its social impact Furthermore the paper explores the ideological confrontation between the Almoravid adherence to the Maliki school and the Almohad doctrine based on the Mahdi concept which caused societal and jurisprudential shocks among the public Finally the study analyzes how the public expressed their views through cultural tools such as popular Azjal and mosque sermons showing that the common people were an active social force