Environment and its impact from the point of view of Arab geographers "Masoudi model"

Abstract

The environment was not in its common sense in the sense of all that surrounds man from creatures and natural phenomena starting from the ground that moves him upwards to the sky that shines between them and the different factors and influences away from the thought of Arab geographers who understood the interpretation of the different geographic factors and their impact on man and the surrounding plant and anima: ALmasoudi (346 AH / 957 CE) is one of the most important Arab writers who have been interested in this aspect and mentioned it in his books. He says in this regard: "We have mentioned in our book the translator of the issues and experiences affecting all spots of the earth and its antennae in its animal speakers And others and what affects the Growing from the plant while not growing " Although his book is missing, he mentioned his vision of the environment and its impact on his three books, which are the source of this explanation: mrooj ALthahab and maidan ALjoohar ,ALtanbeh andalshraf and akhbar al zman.                                                                                 .

Accordingly, the research has been divided into six topics: We dealt in the first subject to a brief summary of the life of Masoudi and the most important of his writings and we have to shorten the many authoresses  about his lifea.                                                                                  

The second topic: we have to clarify the term environment in the language and terminology.

The third section is entitled: The land and its impact on its inhabitants and what is related to it, as we divided it according to the vision of Masoudi to three sections, the first section speaks about the quarters of the earth and the four quarters of the north, south, east and west according to its proximity and distance from the equator, In the behavour  of its people.                                                                                                                                          

The second section deals with the impact of the land according to the amount of water and trees and the rise and fall, he believes that these are the three reasons that affect the land and then in the work in eternity, and then goes on to give examples of his theory that he mentioned and singled out his country of Iraq to love and love and affection, To the land of Tibet as another example. While the third section talked about the difference of land according to the influence of the planets and epicycie , especially the sun and the moon.

As for the fourth topic: it touched on the effect of the environment on plants, animals and minerals, such as Masoudi mentioned the beauty of the country of Turk, which limited its lists and thickened its necks, white and wild, or about the peacocks of India and its difference from those that grow in the land of Islam or different taste of some plants grown in non Its environment, as we have pointed out to the influence of the land ALayssinia of the hot fishes in metallic gold and silver .                                                                                                   

 Fifth topic has different impact has been mentioned by ALmasoudi  :                                            The impact of wind, lightning, lightning, earthquakes and so on. The impact of sea and river water on land, population and the nature of ship-related industries, in which Masoudi belongs to the Nile River as a model. In the impact of the land of Egypt and its people and their work and even on some of their customs and traditions. G_ in the land stractare and destruction of the land: Masoudi pointed to some areas that were dry in a period of time and then flooded with water to become lakes or rivers of different climates according to the progress of the ages