Detection of enzymes and toxins produced from the pathogen branches wilt and blackening of the stem in apple and orange treesin Baghdad.

Abstract

This study was conducted in the College of Agricultural Engineering  Sciences / 2019 in the laboratories of the Plant Protection Department. The aim of the study is to identify the pathogenic fungi at the molecular level of the branch wilt and sooty stem disease,investigated the ability of isolated fungi to produce enzymes, and its ability to produce toxic substanceson apple and orange trees in some areas of Baghdad. The results of the nucleotide sequencing of the isolates NeoscytalidiumShows  the isolates of apple a match of 100%, while the isolates of oranges was identical,98% The nucleotide sequencing for the N. hyalinum is registered in the World Gene bank Organization This is the first record of these species in Iraq on the orange and apple tree in this study. The results confirmed that the fungal isolates were able to produce cellulase and laccase enzymes with the various quantities and efficiency of enzyme production. The analysis of FFS using FTIR method showed that the toxin produced by the fungal isolates was composed of carbon-hydrogen supported by the groups of methylene (CH2) and methyl (CH3) with the presence of the active group of carbon-oxygen which was detected for the first time by GC-Mass method. These active groups showed an 88-91% matching rate with Peroxide dibutyl which is a strong oxidizer.