Geometry and Morphometry of the Hashkro Valley Basin in northern Iraq Using contemporary technologies

Abstract

     The geometrical and morphometric features of the water basins are a controlling factor and an important indicator of the processes of hydrological operation , Where the geometrical analysis is useful in evaluating the mechanism of drainage and estimating the intervals of water continuation between the different creeks and calculating the volume of flow, while the role of the morphometric networks in determining the hydrological activity of the water basin. Contemporary technologies and modern software have contributed to the derivation and building many of these transactions with results that simulate the natural reality. Accordingly, by employing geographic information systems, specifically the ArcGIS 10.8.1 program, the geometry and morphometry of the Wadi Hashkro basin in northern Iraq were studied, and it was found that the measurements were as follows: Geometric measurements (area (81.01) km2 . The maximum length of the basin is 19.97 km.  Perimeter of the basin (49.98 km). As for the formal measurements, they were (Circularity Ratio (0.407), elongation Ratio (0.79) , Basin Form Factor  (0.203), Compactness coefficient (3.13))      Whereas, the topographical measurements were represented by (terrain ratio (41.16), Basin relief (822) m, relative relief (1.65), Texture Ratio (7.56), ruggedness value (2.20), hypsometric integration (0.10)), and finally the measurements came The drainage network is as follows (Stream Orders (5), number of Stream (378), Stream lengths (216.88), Bifurcation Ratio (4.18), numerical drainage density (4.66), longitudinal drainage density (2.68), curve coefficient (1.39).

These obtained results contribute to preparing part of a comprehensive database for the basin that can be used for the development of the water basins.