The role of the papacy and piracy in paralyzing the movement of Eastern trade in the Mediterranean Sea 1291-1498 AD

Abstract

The role of the papacy was strong in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries in striking the eastern trade movement.
Especially in the Mediterranean, where papal decrees were issued prohibiting trade with
Muslim Arabs, and of course the purpose of it was Crusader purposes and commercial interests more than the purposes of

Religious

The researcher tries here to show the history of the papacy and how they climbed to power and the most important popes.
Those who influenced the history of the papacy and supported its religious status, rather than participating and controlling political decisions.