Spatial Analysis of Primary Education Schools in Baghdad City –

Abstract

This research aims to understand how primary schools are distributed across the neighborhoods of Al-Dora Municipality, examining their spatial patterns and efficiency in land use through the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Al-Dora Municipality is characterized by the presence of a significant number of primary schools, totaling 109 schools distributed across various neighborhoods. The number of teaching staff reached 3,096 teachers, while the number of students amounted to 57,178 boys and girls. The study relied on planning indicators approved by both the Ministry of Planning and the Ministry of Education in Iraq.The research analyzed the distribution of the 109 primary schools located within the boundaries of the study area for the year 2024, using spatial and statistical methods such as Standard Distance, Nearest Neighbor, Central Location, and Range of Influence. The results revealed a lack of spatial regularity and balance in the distribution of primary schools within the study area. There was a clear mismatch between the locations of these schools and the population density and size in different neighborhoods.It became evident that the current distribution of educational institutions does not consider essential planning and service aspects, highlighting the need for scientifically grounded urban planning that takes population distribution and density indicators into account to ensure equitable access to educational services. The study recommends reassessing the locations of primary schools within the municipality boundaries in alignment with projected demographic changes, in order to achieve spatial justice and enhance the efficiency of educational services across all neighborhoods in the study area.