The Problem of Evil in Light of Islamic Doctrine: A Qur'anic and Theological Approach

Abstract

This study addresses the problem of evil in the light of Islamic creed, focusing on the Qur’anic and theological approaches. It reviews the development of the concept of evil in human thought, philosophy, and religion throughout history, from Greek philosophy and ancient religious thought to the Middle Ages, modern and contemporary philosophy, and finally the Islamic perspective. The study demonstrates that Islam offers a comprehensive treatment of the issue of evil, viewing it as relative and connected to divine wisdom, a means for testing faith and refining the believer, and not contradicting God’s justice or mercy. The research also highlights the theological foundations that show the compatibility of evil with God’s attributes, such as justice, human free will, and wisdom. Additionally, the study addresses major philosophical and atheistic objections regarding evil, showing that its existence does not negate the existence of God, but can serve as a means to achieve greater good and spiritual elevation for humanity. The study concludes that the Islamic perspective integrates rational, theological, and educational dimensions, providing a balanced and comprehensive approach compared to previous philosophical and religious views