تأثير تمرينات العمل العضلي المضاد في بعض المتغيرات البايوميكانيكية ودقة اداء مهارة الضرب الساحق بالكرة الطائرة

Abstract

The research problem was summarized in the weakness of coordination of muscular work as a mechanical effect of the main motive working muscles and the antagonistic muscles according to the joint angles when performing skills, for which we must establish mechanical foundations during training. Therefore, the researcher decided to study this problem and the causes of weakness from a scientific point of view by developing the work of the main motive and antagonistic muscles, as this situation, from the researcher’s point of view, may contribute to achieving accomplishment because the exercises combine skill, muscular and motor performance at the same time, which resembles actual playing situations. The research aimed to:

Preparation of special exercises for muscle work and opposing muscle work to suit the joint work angles for the players of the College of Basic Education volleyball team for the academic year 2024-2025 and to identify the effect of the prepared exercises on some biomechanical variables of the crushing skill for the players of the College of Basic Education volleyball team for the academic year 2024-2025. The researcher assumed the existence of a positive effect of opposing muscle work exercises on some biomechanical variables of the crushing skill for the players of the College of Basic Education volleyball team for the academic year. The experimental method was used for a single experimental sample with a pre-post test. The research sample was chosen intentionally because the main problem of the research lies in that sample and it was represented by the players of the College of Basic Education volleyball team for the academic year 2024-2025, numbering (14 players) and their ages ranging from (21-25) years. Two players were excluded from the team because they are libero players because the skill under study is an offensive skill that libero players are not allowed to perform according to the law of the game. The number became 12 players, and the researcher prepared exercises for the opposing muscles according to the principles of biomechanics and the characteristics that must be taken into account in the human body, the goal of which is to rise to a precise and regular physical and mechanical skill level.The number of units was 16 for eight weeks, twice a week for a duration ranging from 40-60 minutes. The researcher adopted the high-intensity, repetitive interval training method. After the practical skills period was completed and the post-tests were conducted under the same conditions and capabilities as the pre-tests, the researcher presented the preliminary results, which were analyzed statistically to arrive at a set of conclusions:The exercises used had an effective and positive impact on the biomechanical variables studied, including (flight angle, maximum knee flexion, final step velocity before standing up, shoulder joint angle, peripheral velocity, maximum hip height at the moment of striking the ball, angular velocity of the striking arm, and vertical momentum of the player's body). The exercises used had an effective and positive impact on developing the accuracy of the volleyball smash skill. The researcher recommended the need to focus on the use of opposing muscle action training, given its importance in developing the level of biomechanical variables and the accuracy of the volleyball smash skill. Conducting a study on the importance of exercises in opposing muscle action in other team and individual games and on different samples.